EU- Project WHEATPROTECT

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF VIRUS RESISTANCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat Spindle Streak Mosaic Bymovirus (WSSMV) and Soil-borne Cereal Mosaic Furovirus (SBCMV), which have been detected in the USA and Japan for the first time are today already widely spread in the E.C. (France, Italy, UK, Germany, Denmark, Poland) and it is presumed that these viruses will be detected in other E.C. countries in the near future. In some countries (Italy, France, Germany) both viruses have already gained economic importance due to high yield losses up to 50-70% frequently observed in susceptible wheat varieties. Similar to soil-borne barley infecting viruses (Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Barley Mild Mosaic Virus) which have been detected in Europe in 1978 for the first time and are a serious threat to winter barley cultivation in parts of the E.C. today, the above mentioned viruses may become a serious constraint to wheat cultivation in the near future. Because of transmission by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa graminis chemical measures against this disease are neither efficient nor acceptable for economical and especially ecological reasons. Therefore, wheat cultivation on infested fields entirely relies on resistant or tolerant cultivars, respectively. Consequently, this project on the one hand aimed at getting information on the properties of soil-borne wheat infecting mosaic viruses and on the other hand consists of the identification of genes involved in resistance and tolerance and the development of respective molecular markers in order to facilitate efficient marker based selection procedures. Additional a detailed knowledge about the pathogens situation will be gained enabling risk assessment concerning their future spread. The development of resistant/tolerant wheat accessions in conjunction with molecular markers will serve as the base for an efficient breeding of high yielding resistant/tolerant wheat cultivars ensuring economic wheat production in the growing area of infested fields.

Co-ordination: Saaten-Union Resistenzlabor GmbH

PARTNER in WHEATPROTECT:

• Florimond-Desprez Vve & Fils (France)        www.florimond-desprez.fr
• Elsoms Seed Ldt. (U.K.)                             www.elsoms.com
• Inra Pathologie Vegétale (France)               w3.inra.fr
• Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (Germany)       www.bafz.de

PROJECTTIME: 2/2005 - 1/2007   

Highlights
In order to get reliable data on the genetics of resistance to SBCMV and WSSMV, dihaploid (DH) lines derived from different crosses were grown for two years on SBCMV and WSSMV infested fields and resistance was determined by DAS-ELISA. In both DH-populations a 1r:1s segregation was observed giving hint to a monogenic mode of inheritance of resistance to SBCMV. Based on these results and bulked segregant analysis using SSRs resistance to SBCMV was located on chromosome 5DL with the closest SSR mapping at a distance of 2cM.

In order to develop closer linked markers and to get information on genes involved in resistance to SBCMV, AFLP analyses, cDNA-AFLP analyses and array analyses using the barley 10.000 unigene chip were conducted. For expression profiling resistant and susceptible genotypes were infected by virus bearing Polymyxa graminis in growth chambers and samples of roots, hypocotyls and leaves were taken when the virus was detectable (ELISA/RT-PCR) for the first time in respective tissues. Using the barley 10.000 unigene chip resulted in the identification of 80 genes differentially expressed between infected and non-infected plants in roots, 11 in hypocotyls and 4 in leaves. Out of these 7 turned out to be differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible genotypes in roots, and 4 in hypocotyls and leaves. By cDNA-AFLP 8 differentially expressed fragments were detected.

Out of 16 genes differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible bulk, 6 revealed the best homologues at syntenic rice chromosome 3. All differentially expressed genes will be screened for polymorphism and subsequently genetically mapped in the post project period. 

With respect to SBCMV closely linked markers have been developed within WHEATPROTECT facilitating efficient marker based selection procedures. These are of special importance in those countries where uniformly infested fields are not available yet, but a spread of SBCMV is expected. With respect to WSSMV some SSRs from linkage group 2 gave polymorphic patterns between the parents and bulks and additional mapping work is going on.

Publications of WHEATPROTECT     

Hariri D. and M.Meyer: A new furovirus infecting barley in France closely related to the Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus; European Journal of Plant Pathology 2007

Perovic D, Weyen J, Schondelmaier J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Feuerhelm D, Stein N, Graner A  and Ordon F: Linkage mapping and transcriptional profiling of resistance to soil-borne viruses in hexaploid wheat (Triticum vulgare ssp. aestivum); Xth Conference on Viral Diseases of Gramineae in Europe (CVDGE), Belgium. September 2005, Poster

Perovic D, Weyen J, Schondelmaier J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Feuerhelm D, Stein N, Graner A  and Ordon F: Linkage mapping and transcriptional profiling of resistance to soil-borne viruses in hexaploid wheat (Triticum vulgare ssp. aestivum); Parasitica 2005 - 61 - n.1, 79-84

Perovic D, J Förster, P Devaux, D Hariri, M Guilleroux, D Feuerhelm, U Kastirr, F Ordon: Aufklärung der Genetik und molekulare Kartierung der Resistenz des Weizens gegen Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) , German society for Plant Breeding "Pflanzenzüchtung für bessere Lebens- und Futtermittel; Freising - Weihenstephan, March 2006,  Vortrag Pflanzenzüchtung 68                      

Perovic D, Weyen J, Schondelmaier J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Guilleroux M, Feuerhelm D, Scholz U, Röder M, Kastirr U and Ordon F: Mapping and comparative analysis with rice and barley of Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) resistance locus in hexaploid wheat; Joined Conference of the German Genetics Society and the German Society for Plant Breeding "Plant Genetics", Kiel, 20. - 23. September 2006, poster                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Perovic D, Winter A, Weyen J, Schondelmaier J, Förster J, Devaux P, Hariri D, Guilleroux M, Feuerhelm D, Graner A and Ordon F: Towards genetic and transcriptional dissection of Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus  resistance in hexaploid wheat (Triticum vulgare ssp. aestivum); Plant Genomics European Meetings 2006, Venice, poster

Stracke S., T. Presterl, N. Stein, D. Perovic, F. Ordon and A. Graner: Effects of introgression and recombination on haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium surrounding a locus encoding Bymovirus resistance in barley; Genetics, December 6, 2006
            

WHEATPROTECT is supported by funding under the Sixth Research Framework Programme of the European Union as Co-operative Research Project under the Contract No COOP-CT-2004-512703.

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